Calidad en la atención del servicio de odontología en población sin seguridad social / Quality of Dental Services in People with no Social Security

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la atención odontológica en población sin seguridad social, en unidades de atención primaria. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal que evaluó la calidad de la atención a través de la estructura, los procesos y resultados, incluyó la revisión de 86 expedientes clínicos, siete consultorios, 168 usuarios y 43 odontólogos, los instrumentos utilizados fueron tres listas de cotejo y un cuestionario. Resultados: El índice total de la calidad fue de 69.73%, para las dimensiones de estructura, proceso y resultado fue de 72.9%, 54.61% y 81.6% respectivamente. Hay carencias de insumos, instrumental, déficit de unidades dentales y excedente de odontólogos, e incumplimiento técnico- normativo. Conclusiones: La evaluación integral de la calidad en la atención odontológica a través de medir la estructura, los procesos y resultados, permite identificar áreas de oportunidad y tomar decisiones basadas en evidencias científicas.

Abstract Objective: Assess the quality of dental care among population with no social security treated in primary care units. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess, through structure, process and results. Also, 86 clinical records, seven (7) medical offices, 168 users and 43 dentists were reviewed. Three checklists and a questionnaire were the tools used. Results: The total quality index was that of 69.73, while for structure, process and the result was 72.9%, 54.61 and 81.6 respectively. There is a lack of supplies, instruments, dental units and surplus of dentists, as well as technical and regulatory non-compliance. Conclusions: Comprehensive evaluation of quality of dental care through measuring the structure, processes, and results, enables to identify areas of opportunity and scientific evidence-based decision making.

Potential Use of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Sponges as Payload Carriers Against Malignant Glioma.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor with a low median survival of 14 months. The only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for topical delivery of the cancer drug carmustine is Gliadel. However, its use has been associated with several side-effects, mainly provoked by a mass effect. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube sponges (N-CNSs) are a new type of nanomaterial exhibiting high biocompatibility, and they are able to load large amounts of hydrophobic drugs, reducing the amount of carriers. This study evaluated the use of N-CNSs as potential carmustine carriers using malignant glioma cell lines. N-CNSs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The biocompatibility of N-CNSs was determined in glioma cell lines and in primary astrocytes. Afterward, N-CNSs were loaded with carmustine (1:10 w/w), and the drug and liberation efficiency, as well as cytotoxicity induction, were determined. N-CNSs presented a homogeneous size distribution formed by round nanotubes, without induced cytotoxicity, at concentrations below 40 µg/mL. The N-CNSs loaded with carmustine exhibited a continuous kinetic release of carmustine with a maximum release after 72 h. The cytotoxic effect of N-CNSs loaded with carmustine was similar to that of carmustine alone. The results demonstrated that N-CNSs are a biocompatible nanostructure that could be used as carriers for the tumoral load of large amounts of chemotherapeutic agents.

Secondary school students' perceptions of a mobile application design for smoking prevention.

INTRODUCTION: Our research was based on the BUS model, which provides guidelines for developing mobile applications for health. This model is supported by theories of behavior change, user-centered design, and social marketing. This study aimed to determine secondary school students' perceptions of a mobile application design for smoking prevention. METHODS: In 2018, qualitative research was conducted in three secondary schools located in the central part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Focus groups were established to explore beliefs about smoking and mobile phone use. The sketch technique was used to identify the characteristics for the mobile application. RESULTS: The students' perception of smoking allowed us to determine behaviors that can be changed: 1) associating cigarettes with a distraction from problems can be prevented; 2) peer and family pressure as a trigger to starting smoking can be avoided; and 3) tobacco use can be disassociated from being popular. Regarding the design of the mobile application prototype, an entertaining game with levels to help teenagers stay active was proposed. CONCLUSIONS: Games for health can help modify user behavior and even positively influence their values. The final product was the prototype for the 'No le entres' (don't jump in) application. An important finding was that adolescents living in both urban and rural settings use mobile phones similarly.

Morphological and biochemical effects of weekend alcohol consumption in rats: Role of concentration and gender.

AIM: To examine the association between weekend alcohol consumption and the biochemical and histological alterations at two different concentrations of alcohol in both genders in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats weighing 170-200 g were divided into groups as follows: (1) Control groups; and (2) weekend alcohol-consumption group: 2 d/weekly per 12 wk, at two different concentrations: (1) Group of males or females with a consumption of a solution of alcohol at 40%; and (2) group of males or females with a consumption of a solution of alcohol at 5%. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver samples were obtained. The following enzymes and metabolites were determined in serum: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, and glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, bilirubin, and albumin. Liver samples from each group were employed to analyze morphological abnormalities by light microscopy. RESULTS: In all of the weekend alcohol-consumption groups, AST activity presented a significant, 10-fold rise. Regarding ALT activity, the groups with weekend alcohol consumption presented a significant increase that was six times greater. Bilirubin levels increased significantly in both groups of females. We observed a significant increase in the parameters of fatty change and inflammation due to weekend alcohol consumption. Only the group of females that consumed alcohol at 40% presented slight hepatocellular disorganization. CONCLUSION: The results obtained herein provide solid evidence that weekend alcohol consumption gives rise to liver damage, demonstrated by biochemical and histological alterations, first manifested acutely, and prolonged weekend alcohol consumption can cause greater, irreversible damage.

Crecimiento de ninos escolares de Palora

Para el presente estudio se tomaron mediciones de peso y talla de 246 ninos y niñas que cursaban del 1ero al 6to. grado de la escuela Fiscal -Quito- de la población de Palora en la provincia de Morona Santiago y se elaboró una curva de crecimiento por sexo y edad con los datos obtenidos en los dos parámetros. Los resultados se compararon con los de las curvas de crecimiento que utiliza el Ministerio de Salud provenientes de National Center for Health Statics USA. Se comprobó disminución estadisticamente significativa en las curvas nacionales de peso y talla.

Manejo nutricional en el infante prematuro

Siendo el prematuro por su inmadurez orgáncia un niño con necesidades especiales de nutrición, en el presente artículo se revisan las diversas técnicas de alimentación que se deben implementar en relación con los problemas que estos niños presentan, y los requerimientos nutricionales que ellos necesitan para conseguir un normal crecimiento y desarrollo, similar al que hubiesen tenido dentro del útero materno.